Anemia

Introduction

Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells.  Anemia results if not enough normal hemoglobin or red blood cells are produced, too many red blood cells are destroyed, or if too much blood is lost.  There are many types and several causes of anemia.

Symptoms of anemia include shortness of breath, fatigue, and a pale complexion.  Treatment depends on the type and cause of anemia.  Untreated anemia can lead to serious medical complications, such as a heart attack.

Anatomy

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

You may be able to prevent anemia by receiving prompt medical attention for prolonged or heavy bleeding from colon conditions or heavy menstrual bleeding in females.  It may help to eat a diet that includes foods containing iron, folate, and vitamin B12.  Iron is found in meat, dried beans, and leafy green vegetables.  Folate is contained in citrus fruits, green vegetables, and fortified cereals.  Meat, eggs, and dairy products are sources of vitamin B12.  Your doctor may refer you to a nutritionist that can help you select products and plan meals based on your nutrition needs.

Am I at Risk

Risk factors may increase your likelihood of developing anemia, although some people that develop the condition do not have any risk factors.  People with all of the risk factors may never develop the disease; however, the chance of developing anemia increases with the more risk factors you have.  You should tell your doctor about your risk factors and discuss your concerns. 

Risk factors for anemia:

_____   You may be at risk for anemia if you have an iron, folate, or vitamin B12 deficiency.
_____ Some anemia related blood diseases may be inherited.  If your parents experienced or genetically carry a blood condition, you should talk to your doctor about your risk.
_____ Your risk for anemia is higher if you have medical conditions that affect your bone marrow, such as chronic illness, kidney disease, or arthritis.
_____  Significant blood loss from an injury or surgery can increase your risk for anemia.
_____ Females with heavy menstrual periods are at risk for anemia.
_____ Bleeding associated with inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer increases the risk of anemia.
_____ Older adults and pregnant females have an increased risk for anemia.
_____ Certain medications may increase your risk for developing anemia, especially chemotherapies.

Complications